Khedive ismail biography of martin tn

Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali Pasha , he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development , urbanization , and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa. His philosophy can be glimpsed in a statement that he made in "My country is no longer only in Africa; we are now part of Europe , too.

It is therefore natural for us to abandon our former ways and to adopt a new system adapted to our social conditions". However, Isma'il's policies placed the Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan — in severe debt, leading to the sale of the country's shares in the Suez Canal Company to the British government, and his ultimate toppling from power in under British and French pressure.

Thus, Isma'il Pasha was ruling Egypt and Sudan for the entire period when his cousin, Abdulaziz , was ruling the Ottoman empire.

Khedive ismail biography of martin tn: Khedive Ismail appointed Sir

Sa'id, who apparently conceived his safety to lie in ridding himself as much as possible of the presence of his nephew, employed him in the next few years on missions abroad, notably to the Pope , the Emperor Napoleon III , and the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. In he was dispatched at the head of an army of 18, to quell an insurrection in Sudan , a mission which he accomplished.

Like all Egyptian and Sudanese rulers since his grandfather Muhammad Ali Pasha, he claimed the higher title of Khedive , which the Sublime Porte had consistently refused to sanction. Another firman changed the law of succession to direct descent from father to son rather than brother to brother, and a further decree in confirmed the virtual independence of the Khedivate of Egypt from the Porte.

Isma'il spent heavily—some went to bribes to Constantinople to facilitate his reform projects. Much of the money went for the construction of the Suez Canal. He built over miles 1, km railroads, 5, miles 8, km of telegraph lines, bridges, harbor works in Alexandria, and 4, schools.